With school districts across the country continuing to feel the effects of a tough economic climate, transportation officials are frequently looking for ways to cut costs. One option to consider is joining a pupil transportation cooperative. Under a cooperative, one agency usually oversees all transportation services for its member districts, and members pay a fee to join.

The amount of cost savings for a member district will vary depending on its size and numerous other factors. Mike Rea, executive director of West County Transportation Agency (WCTA) in Sonoma County, Calif., says that his agency saved one of its 16 member school districts $775,000 in one year compared to what it would have cost to continue to provide transportation service on its own.      

On the other side of the country, in Hopatcong, N.J., Sussex County Regional Transportation Cooperative saved several of its member districts almost $1.3 million last year by restructuring and re-bidding their routes, according to Coordinator Amanda Ferrington. 

Districts will also save money due to economies of scale. For instance, Dan Ibarra, director of the Pupil Transportation Cooperative (PTC) in Whittier, Calif., says there’s  increased efficiency because you have one set of employees serving multiple districts, eliminating redundant staffing.  

“There’s one training group, one management group and one vehicle maintenance operation that serve all seven districts,” he explains of PTC.  

Although Dallas County Schools (DCS) is not a pupil transportation cooperative by definition, it is similar, as it is an education agency that provides transportation services for 14 independent school districts.

DCS Assistant Superintendent/Chief Financial Officer Wesley Scott says districts will benefit from economies of scale in fuel purchasing.

“Because of the amount of fuel that we buy, our purchasing contract allows us to buy fuel for significantly less than what I see out there for other school districts,” he explains.

Lionel Pinn, director of transportation for the Centralia/Chehalis Pupil Transportation Cooperative in Centralia, Wash., says that cooperative programs create reduced employee medical and dental costs, and fees for federally mandated programs, such as random drug and alcohol testing, are lower.

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Benefits beyond cost savings
Ferrington and others note that there are benefits to joining a transportation cooperative beyond cost savings.

The cooperative can take on tasks that may have previously been handled by a superintendent or another non-transportation staff member, which can increase efficiency.       

“We are willing to assume a district’s valuable time by researching school code and statutes for assistance in providing positive results,” Ferrington says.   

In addition, Ibarra points to consistency among member districts in training and hiring, as well as in managing bus routing and scheduling.  

Points to remember when forming a cooperative
A lot of work goes into forming a cooperative. Here are components to keep in mind:  

• You must have a strong leader. Because there is so much involved in operating a cooperative, Rea says it’s important that the top official is someone “who understands transportation and can operate a separate government agency.”

• There must be communication, commitment and cooperation among member districts. All officials agree that member districts must also work toward the same goal for the cooperative to be successful.   

• Consider the needs of all member districts. At Centralia/Chehalis Pupil Transportation Cooperative, Centralia School District is larger than Chehalis School District. Pinn says that even though Chehalis is the smaller district, there has to be a balance in terms of sharing resources and making the cooperative staff available to both districts.

• Proximity of member districts to cooperative’s facility. Ibarra says it’s important that the cooperative’s facility is in close proximity to its member districts, and that the facility is big enough to accommodate the districts’ maintenance needs. The farther the cooperative’s facility is from its member districts, he says, the more it will drive up costs.

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• Billing and fleet. Rea says districts joining WCTA must be a member for both home-to-school and special-education transportation. New members must pay a $25,000 fee that is spread out over five years.

“We fold new members into any costs that we have, so it spreads out the base for other members, and they only gain ownership based on what they’ve contributed,” he adds.  

Ibarra says PTC’s billing for member districts is derived from the usage percentage of the total budget, which is derived from the students transported and the number of miles operated.

In addition to billing, the composition of the cooperative’s fleet must be taken into account.

“Will you accept their [a member district’s] fleet and make it part of the cooperative’s fleet?” Ibarra asks. “If you have too many different parts and types of fuel, maintaining it becomes a nightmare.”

• What will you do with incumbent district staff? Officials say you have to think about whether you will incorporate employees from the member district’s transportation team or if you will hire from the outside.

Ibarra says that you will have to negotiate with a bargaining unit regarding wage scales, assuming that blending staff from member districts into the cooperative is a goal.

• Be prepared to lose some autonomy. Scott says this is important because district officials will be making decisions as a team.  

Pinn agrees. “Detaching from the destructive ‘our territory’ mentality and realizing that your operation needs supportive bridges to survive is a logical step,” he says. “With the increasing budgetary reductions, transportation programs have been forced into a collaborative and cooperative existence.”

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Overcoming challenges  
That said, Pinn acknowledges that a territorial attitude among employees joining the cooperative from a member district’s transportation department is one challenge those who form a cooperative may face.

Rea agrees, and he says one way to address this is by forming an identity for the cooperative that is separate from that of its member districts.  

“We created our own logo and letterhead, had uniformed shirts, etc.,” Rea says of WCTA. “Also, the employees are employed by the agency [not by the school districts].”

For Rea, WCTA’s formula for assigning revenue and assessing districts’ costs has caused issues during very tough economic times because some districts can feel that one is getting more money than another.

“Those formulas are generally as objective as possible,” he explains, “but I don’t think you’re ever going to get away from that challenge completely.”

To address issues associated with assigning revenue, Rea says WCTA has adjusted its funding formula over the years to benefit member districts that are having a particularly difficult time financially.  

Regular meetings with officials from each school district can also go a long way in keeping things peaceful.

WCTA has monthly board of directors meetings during the school year, and the superintendent from each member district serves on the board.

“I hand-deliver the board agenda packets, so if a superintendent wants to talk with me about any issue, I am right there,” Rea says.  

While challenges may present themselves occasionally, Ibarra says PTC runs smoothly, and he says one advantage of his operation is the composition of its governing board.

“It’s comprised of assistant superintendents or the chief business officials of the districts we serve,” he explains. “They aren’t elected folks — they understand budget and management, dealing with labor unions, etc.”