Disastrous industrial accidents are not the only work-related injuries addressed by federal standards these days. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has a list of regulations regarding musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in the workplace. MSDs are injuries that develop gradually from such forces as repetition, awkward postures, vibration and contact stress. These types of injuries can be common in school transportation due to the nature of a bus driver’s duties. Beginning in October 2001, OSHA mandated that employers provide their employees with information about MSDs and how they can be prevented. The rules provide a checklist for potential hazards that can cause MSDs and requires that, when an MSD hazard is present, employers implement an ergonomics program that sets up training and evaluations to protect workers. OSHA does not hold employers liable for MSD injuries that are not the result of exposure to workplace risk factors. The injury must meet OSHA’s definition for a work-related MSD. For more information, go to http://www.osha.gov.