School districts are feeling the pressure to start considering electrification efforts. By and large, the main issue for school bus electrification for districts across the country is obtaining the funding to purchase the buses in the first place. That's the consensus of transportation directors at a regional roundtable discussion at the 54th National Association of State Directors of Pupil Transportation Services (NASDPTS) Conference.

Purchasing Electric School Buses

In some places, electrification efforts are made easier with funding from state governments. California has previously received $1.2 billion from Gov. Gavin Newsom’s office for emissions reductions in several industries, said state transportation director Anna Borges. This past year, state legislators approved another $1.5 billion in funding for a school transportation grant fund. The state has 600+ electric school buses serving students daily.

In Indiana, however, it’s a different story. Chris Kath of Indiana said only eight electric school buses are in operation. The consensus from districts that have electric buses is that they love them and would purchase more if funding was made available. The Environmental Protection Agency just announced the first recipients for its Clean School Bus Rebate program, with Indiana getting a $5.3 million piece of the pie to receive rebates for 19 new school buses at six schools and school districts. California, in comparison, is approved to replace 177 school buses with zero-emission models at 21 schools and school districts, according to a statement from U.S. senators Dianne Feinstein and Alex Padilla.

South Carolina has not put any state money toward purchasing electric school buses, said Mike Bullman, NASDPTS secretary and South Carolina state director. The state did receive $55 million through the EPA program, though. Bullman said the state will continue to seek federal funding for zero-emission and electric school buses.

The EPA originally had planned to award $500 million in rebates for 2022, but nearly doubled the amount after seeing so much demand for the opportunity. Another $1 billion is expected to be available for school bus fleet transformation in 2023.

The EPA received around 2,000 applications requesting nearly $4 billion for over 12,000 buses. The applicant pool includes submissions from all 50 states, Washington D.C., Puerto Rico, and other U.S. territories. The 2022 rebate program will fund approximately 2,500 school bus replacements.

Charging Considerations

The problem isn’t just purchasing the buses, though. Districts must also consider the impact on the local grid to keep the buses charged. Without power, the buses won’t work.

In California, there are serious concerns about the load the electrical grid can handle. When the state reached record highs over the summer, residents were urged to turn off air conditioners and unplug electric vehicle chargers unless necessary. Combine that with the California Air Resources Board’s recent order to ban the sale of gasoline-powered vehicles by 2035, and there are some serious concerns, Borges said.

Nationally, the Department of Energy (DOE) recently launched the Energy Champions Leading the Advancement of Sustainable Schools Prize (CLASS Prize). The agency will provide up to 25 school districts direct resources to staff and train administration and facilities personnel on strategic energy management, including project development and funding to advance school sustainability, according to a Biden Administration fact sheet.

The Energy CLASS Prize will provide a total of $4.5 million in awards, including $3.75 million for selected local educational agencies to fund energy management professionals-in-training and an additional $750k in technical support. 

Training Drivers and Technicians

Change is never easy. In Indiana, districts have gotten pushback from technicians regarding electric school buses simply because the technology is new, Kath explained. Districts must prepare technicians to repair and maintain the buses. Training is a key part of adopting the new technology, the panel agreed.

When electric school buses first began rolling into California, OEMs brought their models to the department of education to identify the areas where training would be needed. Indiana uses a training certification program offered by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) for its technicians.

Technicians aren’t the only people who need training. Drivers do as well. Ensuring drivers are trained to operate electric school buses is key, Bullman said.

In the northeast region, several states including New Hampshire and Connecticut are working to provide driver training, said outgoing NASDPTS president and Vermont transportation director Pat McManamon.

California leaders are concerned about whether bus drivers are capable of operating electric school buses well. The state highway patrol requires competency to operate vehicles, but it specifically only requires that for vehicles with transmissions. Electric school buses do not have them, so it’s sort of a loophole, Borges said.

While electric buses have regenerative braking, that feature does not kick in for many buses until the charge on the bus reaches a certain percentage charge. That’s something not every driver is aware of, Borges explained.

EV School Bus Range Anxiety

When it comes to charging needs, school transportation departments often have range anxiety. But it may not be necessary, Bullman said.

“Maybe we're overthinking that a little bit. When you look at it in our trips, 80% of our trips, any of these [electric] buses, can be covered with not a problem at all,” Bullman continued.

In many cases, the routes in South Carolina districts likely wouldn’t even require buses to be charged between morning and afternoon rides. Range can also be dependent on driver behavior, which again highlights the importance of properly training drivers on how to operate electric buses.

The main message from the regional panel members: the industry will continue to move forward with adopting electric school buses, but many hurdles remain to jump over before they are the norm.