For many of us, more than half of our pupil transportation business comprises providing service for students with disabilities. Almost all of us started in this profession because we really care for kids. However, we may not have really done our best in the special-needs area because we either didn’t have enough time or didn’t know how to get there.
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) considers transportation a related service just like many forms of therapy and supplemental education. What we do is crucial in providing students with access to their educational program. In fact, what we do can and, in many cases, should be part of the educational program.
Things to share
Counselors tell us that sharing is critical to successful relationships. Here are some things to share with your “partners” in the special-education department:
Vision — There is nothing more important than sharing a common vision of where you want the relationship between your two departments to be. Yogi Berra said, “You’ve got to be very careful if you don’t know where you’re going, because you might not get there.” You must make time to meet with your counterpart no matter how busy you both are.
IEP data — If we are going to safely and effectively transport students with special needs, we have to know what those needs are. Not only should we know about special equipment needs but also behavioral conditions and medical issues. We have a right to know very detailed specifics about student disabilities, but we have to train our staff properly to ensure that this information is not mishandled.
Similarly, the IEP team has a right to know about transportation-related issues, including incident reports and driver strategies. An effective way to share this information is by attending IEP meetings. With some training and advanced communication, the IEP meeting can be one of the most effective means of sharing strategies, options and goals for students.
Behavior plans — Students with special needs occasionally exhibit severe behaviors on the bus and in the classroom. Typically, the IEP team knows about the behaviors in the classroom and then can devise effective strategies to address them. Whether it is a behavior support plan (BSP) or a more thorough behavior intervention plan (BIP), teachers, psychologists, administrators and parents routinely develop plans to reduce problems and to reward appropriate behavior. These plans may be very elaborate or as simple as using red, yellow or green cards or a smiley face/frowny face form.
Students’ behavior during transportation is equally significant and should be addressed in the same manner. Why not use what works in the classroom? If we involve drivers in the reward system that’s working in the classroom, the student is more likely to succeed in terms of bus behavior because she or he is familiar with the “reinforcers.” Most drivers would be glad to extend the classroom onto the bus by marking a behavior chart or handing out a colored card, especially if it helps improve a student’s behavior.
Cost — The two largest “encroachments” on almost every school district budget are special education and transportation. Although we have separate budgets and, in most cases, report to different bosses, there are many advantages to sharing the cost of transportation in support of special education.
For example, even though the costs of transporting a student might be higher, the overall cost of educating a student at a certain site might be less. Certainly, it wouldn’t make sense for the transportation department to object to such a placement decision. Similarly, changing a school’s bell times might produce significant transportation savings despite minor additional staff cost to the educational program. In this case, it wouldn’t make sense for our friends in special-ed to object.
Devising shared strategies that allow us to meet compliance requirements can lead to major cost avoidance. By sharing expenses on these and such varied items as bus monitor staffing, in-services, wheelchair lifts and cameras for buses, districts can both improve service and preserve funding for education. Bottom line: If it saves money for the organization overall, it should be pursued regardless of what it does to your budget.
Organizational politics — Although my district is politics-free, some districts aren’t quite so fortunate. When viewed from a shared perspective, it makes a lot of sense for special-ed and transportation to present a united front on many issues. For example, we frequently hear of “the battle for classroom space.” The concept of educating students at their neighborhood schools merits aggressive support from both departments. It is not only the right thing for students, but it has tangible payback for both of us.
Similarly, shortening the school day for students receiving special education for logistical reasons should be resisted by both departments. We all benefit when the organization thinks in terms of “students with special needs” instead of “special-education students.”
Developing news — Don’t you hate finding out about things once you’re already in crisis? Since we “bus folk” travel in different circles than “special-ed folk,” we need to create opportunities to hear about things well before they happen. Our counterpart might not be in the loop unless we make the effort to bring them in on it. That’s one of the reasons that meeting with your counterpart is essential. Even if nothing is boiling over, I can assure you something is heating up. Maybe you’ll just verify some rumors, but maybe you’ll be able to prevent a crisis.
{+PAGEBREAK+} How to build it
Any partnership requires an exchange of ideas and feelings. Relationships between departments should be focused on the former but not ignore the latter.
The most common way to implement your ideas for cooperation between departments is to sell them. Starting with things that don’t require the other department to adapt much seems to work best. For example, you might want to start by running by your counterpart your school bus service guidelines for students with special needs. If you don’t have guidelines, then a parent pamphlet can be an easy way to ensure you’re all on the same page and to improve communications with your customers. Here are some other ideas worth discussing/selling:
