IH's downfall was Dan Ustian, head of the engine dept back in 2001. he bet the whole enchilada that his engine techs could build an epa compliant engine without any aftertreatment, because they were the "best engine builders in the world".
every time they failed, he sent them back to the drawing board to start over, rather than do what everyone else was doing. that's why there are so many different engine configurations, especially with the dt's/maxforces... all of them junk
this is a great article in forbes magazine back in 2012...